1984 4 Part 2 Ch 9

Set against a background of oppression, Winston's joy at the freedom to read arouses the reader's curiosity as well. The first chapter of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism parodies Marx and Engels's Communist Manifesto (1848), which explains a recurrent pattern of a class struggle between the proletarians and bourgeois, the concept of economic determinism, and the inevitability of communism. That these ideas foreshadowed Stalin's totalitarianism is widely acknowledged.